In 1497, Lucena's chess book, Repeticion de Amores y Arte de Ajedrez con 101 Juegos de Partido ("Repetition of Love and the Art of Playing Chess"), wrote down "Jugar del peon del rey a III casa, que se enteinede contando de dondeesta el rey" for P-K4 or 1.e4. Thus P-K4 for White was written "la quarta casa del Rey blanco." P-K4 for Black was written "la quarta del Rey prieto." Source: Murray, A History of Chess, p. The earliest Spanish manuscripts of the 15th century used a descriptive notation, learnt from Muslim players, that is practically identical with the notation used by all English writers of the early 19th century. In 1536, a French manuscript bordered the top of a chess diagram "a through h," but used "I through p" down the right-hand side of the diagram. In the 16th century, Italian players began to use a numerical notation, numbering the squares 1,2,3,4, to 64, starting from h1 to a1, then h2 to a2, then h3 to a3, all the way to h8 to a8. 275Īn early French manuscript date 1173 names the files "a through h," but the ranks were lettered from the 8th rank to the 1st rank "1 through 8," which is the reverse order used now. Source: Hooper and Whyld, Oxford Companion to Chess, 2nd edition, p.
Forms of coordinate notation in chess were used in Arab countries since the 9th century and in Europe since the 13th century.
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